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STRUCTURAL STUDY · OPÉRATION DINDON · JUNE 2026
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THE TICKET
AND THE TALENT
Infrastructure roles nomenclature
SysOps · NetOps · OpInfra
◆ CONTEXT OF THE STUDY

This study proposes a structured nomenclature for digital infrastructure roles in three categories — SysOps, NetOps, OpInfra — and six hierarchical levels. It directly responds to "The Infrational Crisis" by placing precise words on realities that DevOps vocabulary has progressively erased. The founding rule: never go beyond this naming, at the risk of losing meaning and producing the dissolution the corpus has documented.

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Amine RAITI — Infrastructure Architect & SRE
Teaching since 2006 · Electricity to Kubernetes · All audiences
Public document · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 · AI Powered by Amine · Opération Dindon
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SECTION 1 · WHY A NOMENCLATURE — AND WHY NOW
WORDS BEFORE STRUCTURES

A roles nomenclature is not a bureaucratic exercise. It is a political act — in the etymological sense: an act that concerns the city, the community, the organisation of professional life together. Naming infrastructure roles correctly is laying the conditions for their recognition, remuneration, protection and transmission.

◆ WHAT THE ABSENCE OF NOMENCLATURE PRODUCES — THE CORPUS DIAGNOSIS

"The Infrational Crisis" documented how word inflation — DevOps, Infrastructure as Code, XxxOps — emptied roles of their substance. "The Infrational Loop" documented how this title dissolution produces salary compression that pushes seniors out. "The State and the Invisible Body" documented how the absence of a recognised nomenclature deprives the infrastructure body of any institutional protection. These three pathologies share a common cause: nobody placed precise words on precise realities, and left the market to name at its convenience.

◆ WHAT THE RNCP DOES — AND WHAT IT DOES NOT DO

The RNCP already partially recognises infrastructure roles. RNCP37682 (Systems and Networks Senior Technician, level 5) and RNCP35594 (Systems, Networks and Databases Administrator) exist and are registered. The problem is twofold: these certifications systematically fuse systems and networks into a single title — erasing the functional distinction between the two domains — and they do not cover higher levels (engineer, lead, architect) with the same precision. This corpus's proposal completes the RNCP by offering a coherent taxonomy across the full pyramid.

◆ NASSIHA — THE NOMENCLATURE IS NOT AN END IN ITSELF

A nomenclature without legal force is a catalogue. It has value only if adopted in collective agreements, public procurement frameworks, CIO job descriptions and training programmes. This study places the words. "The State and the Invisible Body" placed the mechanisms to give them force. Both are necessary.

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SECTION 2 · THE THREE CATEGORIES
SYSOPS · NETOPS · OPINFRA

The nomenclature is organised into three functional categories. They are not silos — they are primary competence domains that define where the engineer's centre of gravity lies. A profile may operate across two categories simultaneously — in small organisations, this is often necessary. But their title remains anchored in their primary category.

◆ SYSOPS — SYSTEMS OPERATIONS

Scope: everything touching operating systems, physical and virtual servers, low-level application services, storage, virtualisation, backup and restoration. It is the layer that transforms metal into usable service.

What SysOps is not: SysOps is not application development. A SysOps engineer may write automation scripts — but does not develop business applications. The boundary is the service layer: below it is SysOps. Above it is the developer.

Physical anchor: a SysOps engineer has touched a physical server. They know what RAID, a storage bay, and a hypervisor are. They can diagnose a hardware fault before opening a console.

◆ NETOPS — NETWORK OPERATIONS

Scope: everything touching networks — cabling, switching, routing, firewalls, VPN, WiFi, WAN, BGP, MPLS, DNS, DHCP, network monitoring. It is the layer that connects systems to each other and to the outside world.

What NetOps is not: NetOps is not security in the broad sense — SecOps is a distinct specialisation that builds on NetOps but is not a sub-category of it. A NetOps engineer secures the network. They are not the CISO.

Physical anchor: a NetOps engineer has cabled a switch. They can read a rack diagram, trace a backbone cable, diagnose packet loss on copper before blaming software.

◆ OPINFRA — CROSS-DOMAIN INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS

Scope: the cross-domain layer that operates infrastructure as a whole — SREs, infrastructure architects, senior operations engineers who master both domains and operate at a level of responsibility over overall system availability.

What OpInfra is not: OpInfra is not DevOps. An OpInfra profile may automate, may write infrastructure code — but their centre of gravity is operational reliability, not feature delivery.

Physical anchor: an OpInfra engineer has documented mastery of the physical layer in at least one domain (SysOps or NetOps) before accessing engineer level.

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SECTION 3 · THE SIX HIERARCHICAL LEVELS
FROM SUPPORT TO ARCHITECTURE — THE COMPLETE PYRAMID
◆ THE PYRAMID — COMPLETE TABLE

LEVEL 1 — SUPPORT / PROXIMITY
Support Technician · Field Technician
First user contact. First-level diagnosis. Escalation to level 2. Does not touch server or network configurations in production without supervision. Maps to RNCP37682 block 1 partial.

LEVEL 2 — DOMAIN TECHNICIAN
Systems Technician (SysOps) · Network Technician (NetOps)
Daily operations. Maintaining operational condition. Operates on systems or networks under instructions and procedures. Contributes to documentation. Maps to full RNCP37682 (level 5 — Bac+2 equivalent).

LEVEL 3 — DOMAIN ADMINISTRATOR
Systems Administrator (SysOps) · Network Administrator (NetOps)
Autonomous administration. Configuration design. Responsibility for infrastructure sub-systems. Level 2 incident management. Maps to RNCP35594 (level 6 — Bac+3/4 equivalent).

LEVEL 4 — DOMAIN ENGINEER
Systems Engineer (SysOps) · Network Engineer (NetOps) · SRE Engineer (OpInfra)
Intermediate architecture design. Responsibility for reliability of a defined perimeter. Supervision of lower levels. Writing procedures and runbooks. RNCP level 6 to 7 (Bac+3 to Bac+5 equivalent).

LEVEL 5 — LEAD / PRINCIPAL
Systems Lead · Network Lead · Principal SRE
Senior technical reference. Complex architecture design. Team mentoring. Structural technical decisions. Not necessarily a line manager — technical expertise first.

LEVEL 6 — ARCHITECT
Systems Architect · Network Architect · Infrastructure Architect (OpInfra)
Cross-domain vision. Infrastructure design as a whole. Technical governance. Interlocutor of the CIO and leadership. Responsibility for coherence and medium-term evolution.

◆ NASSIHA — THE LEAD IS NOT THE MANAGER

The Lead / Principal level is a technical — not managerial — progression path. A Principal SRE who does not wish to manage teams must not be forced to become a manager to access the remuneration level corresponding to their competence. Dissociating technical progression from managerial progression is a condition for retaining the best technical profiles.

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SECTION 4 · THE MULTIPLE HATS RULE
ONE PROFILE CAN HOLD SEVERAL FUNCTIONS — NOT SEVERAL TITLES

The multiple hats rule is the pragmatic response to the reality of small and medium organisations. It does not contradict the nomenclature — it applies it intelligently in contexts where resources do not allow strict domain specialisation.

◆ THE PRINCIPLE — MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS, ONE TITLE

A profile may exercise several nomenclature functions simultaneously. A Systems Administrator in a small town hall may also manage the local network, provide first-level support, and administer workstations. This is real and legitimate. But their title remains "Systems Administrator" — not "IT Manager", not "Digital Project Coordinator", not "Infrastructure Lead". These vague titles have no content in the nomenclature and open the door to dilution.

Functions exercised outside the primary title are documented in the job description as "complementary functions exercised according to organisational needs" — not as an additional title.

◆ CONCRETE EXAMPLES BY ORGANISATION SIZE

Small town hall (5,000 inhabitants): 1 profile, Systems Administrator (SysOps, level 3). Complementary functions exercised: local network management, user support, workstation administration. Not called "IT Manager" — called Systems Administrator with extended responsibilities.

SME (50 employees): 1 Systems Administrator + 1 Support Technician. The first manages infrastructure and networking. The second manages user support and workstations. Two people, two titles, no confusion.

Mid-size company (500 employees): 1 SRE Engineer (OpInfra) + 2 Systems Administrators + 1 Network Administrator + 2 Support Technicians. Specialisation becomes possible and necessary. Domain boundaries are respected.

Large IT department (5,000+ employees): full pyramid by domain. Leads and Architects emerge. OpInfra transversality is embodied by a dedicated SRE team.

◆ WHAT THE RULE EXPLICITLY FORBIDS

— Calling a profile "DevOps engineer" without documented physical layer competence
— Calling a profile "cloud architect" without having designed network or systems architecture
— Creating composite titles not defined in the nomenclature ("Infrastructure & Cloud Expert", "Ops Lead", "Tech Lead DevSecOps")
— Using a higher-level title to save on recruiting a properly-levelled profile

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SECTION 5 · THE BOUNDARIES THAT PROTECT MEANING
WHAT THE NOMENCLATURE DOES NOT NAME — AND WHY

A nomenclature that says what it names must also say what it does not name. Boundaries are as important as definitions — they protect meaning against progressive dilution.

◆ DEVOPS IS NOT A TITLE IN THIS NOMENCLATURE

"DevOps engineer" does not exist in this nomenclature. Not because the DevOps philosophy is rejected — collaboration between development and operations is a real value. But because "DevOps" is not a role: it is a work culture, an approach, a philosophy. One does not name a role after a philosophy. One names a role after what the person concretely does — the systems they administer, the networks they configure, the infrastructure they operate. A "DevOps engineer" who administers Linux servers is a Systems Engineer (SysOps) working in a DevOps culture. The title says what they do. The culture is documented in team practices, not in the title.

◆ SECOPS, FINOPS, MLOPS — ARE NOT CATEGORIES

SecOps is a specialisation — a Systems or Network Engineer with a security specialisation. They were called "Systems Engineer, security specialisation" or "Network Engineer, security specialisation". FinOps is a cloud financial governance practice — not an infrastructure role. MLOps is a hybrid developer/operations profile oriented toward machine learning — belonging more to the developer category than the infrastructure category. These specialisations exist. They do not justify creating a new category in the infrastructure nomenclature.

◆ CLOUD ENGINEER IS NOT A TITLE IN THIS NOMENCLATURE

"Cloud Engineer" or "Cloud Architect" are marketing titles that describe an execution context (the cloud), not an operational competence. A Systems Engineer who works primarily on AWS is a Systems Engineer — not a "Cloud Engineer". The precision of the competence domain (Linux, Windows, virtualisation, containerisation) and hierarchical level (engineer, lead, architect) says everything needed about the profile. The word "Cloud" in the title says where they work — not what they know how to do.

◆ THE FOUNDING RULE — DO NOT GO BEYOND THIS NAMING

Any organisation adopting this nomenclature commits to not creating titles beyond those defined. No "Super Senior Cloud DevOps Infrastructure Engineer". No "SRE Platform Tech Lead". The existing words in the nomenclature suffice to describe any real infrastructure profile. If a title cannot be expressed in the nomenclature's words, either the profile is poorly defined, or the title was invented to mask a classification problem.

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SECTION 6 · IMPLEMENTATION — HOW TO ADOPT THE NOMENCLATURE
FROM WORD TO ACT — THREE ADOPTION VECTORS

A nomenclature has value only if adopted. Adoption passes through three distinct vectors that reinforce each other. Each can act independently — together they create critical mass.

◆ VECTOR 1 — ORGANISATIONS THEMSELVES

Any IT department, digital services firm, local authority or company can adopt this nomenclature tomorrow, without waiting for legislation or collective agreements. It replaces its vague titles with nomenclature titles in its job descriptions, org charts and job postings. This unilateral decision has three immediate effects: it clarifies responsibilities internally, it improves recruitment precision, and it contributes to building the critical mass that will make the nomenclature visible on the market.

◆ VECTOR 2 — COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS AND RNCP

The nomenclature can be proposed to digital sector social partners as a basis for revising classification grids. Syntec, which covers the majority of IT services firms, has a classification grid that does not clearly distinguish SysOps / NetOps domains. A revision integrating the nomenclature would produce salary scales by level and domain — mechanically reducing the compression documented in "The Infrational Loop". Simultaneously, the titles can be proposed to France Compétences for RNCP registration — complementing existing certifications, not replacing them.

◆ VECTOR 3 — TRAINING ORGANISATIONS

BTS SIO, DUT Networks & Telecoms and Bac+3/4 infrastructure training programmes can align their career outcome labels with the nomenclature. Instead of promising a "systems and networks technician or DevOps engineer position", training promises a "Systems Technician position (SysOps, level 2)" with a documented path toward "Systems Administrator (level 3) then Systems Engineer (level 4)". Pathway readability is the condition of filière attractiveness — particularly for female audiences documented in "The Invisible Amputation".

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Words are the least costly and most structuring acts. Naming a role correctly is giving it back its value. This nomenclature is an act of resistance against dissolution — and an act of construction for those who come after.

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NEMO SUPRA LEGEM EST